Reaming-tool for use in sinking bored-well casings



(No Model.)

W. A. LLOYD. u REAMING TOOL POR USE IN SINKIN-G BORED WLLL GASINGS.

Patented June 29, 1886.

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WILLIAM ALEXANDER LLOYD, OFYMAOKSBURG, OHIO.

REllVllNG-TOOL FOR USE EN SINKING BORED-WELL CASlNGS.

SPECIEECATICN forming part of Letters Patent No. (M4744, dated June 29,1:886.

Application led October 5, 1885. Serial No. 179,031.

To aZZ whom it may concern.:

Be it known that I, WILLIAM ALEXANDER LLOYD, of Macksburg, in the countyof Wash ington and State of Ohio, have invented a new and ImprovedReaming-Tool for Use in Sinking BoredNVell Gasings, of which thefollowing is a full, clear, and exact description.

My invention relates to reaming-tools adapted to reain out bores made inthe earth by solid drills or tools passed through the inside of thepartly-sunk casings of oil or Artesian Wells, and so that said bores maybe enlarged to the full exterior diameter of the casings, to allow `thelatter to be sunk as the boring proceeds. Y

The object of the invention is to facilitate this work by providing asimple, readily-adjustable, and edective expansible tool of improvedconstruction, by using which the wellcasing may be sunk to shut outsurface or drainage water without allowing the earth to cave in, andpermitting a boring and casing of the well at a considerable saving oftime and labor over other means of performing the work.

The invention consists in certain novel features oli' construction andcombination of parts of the reamingtool, all as hereinafter fullydescribed and claimed.

Reference is to be had to the accompanying drawings, forming part ofthis specification, in which similar letters of reference indicatecorresponding parts in all the figures.

Figure l is a central vertical section of a bored well with the casingapplied and partly broken away, and shows also in side elevation myimproved reainingtool as at work in the well. Fig. 2 is a verticalsectional elevation .of the reaining-tool in larger size and showing itin its contracted condition,as when passing through the well-casing,which latter is shown in section. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of thereaming-tool taken at right angles to Fig. 2, and showing thetool-expanding head raised to expand the cutters, as when the tool is inuse. Fig. 4c is a sectional elevation of the upper part of the`reamingtool and shows the adjustment of the expander-catches when thercaming-tool is contracted to pass through the well-casing, which isshown in dotted lines.

(No model.)

are detail views of the joint of the hinged jaw with the head of thetool.

The letter A indicates the l'eamingtool, the body of which is formed intwo main parts, the part of jaw A', with which the head a of the tool isformed, and the jaw A2, which is pivoted on a pin7 ai, to the head ofthe tool, and so as to swing toward and fromI thejaw A', to contract andexpand the tool at its lower end, and the upper end of thejawA2 willpreferably be fitted with a steel cap-plate to work on a steelfacing-plate set into the head of the tool, and as indicated by thedarkly-shaded section lines in Fig. 2. The lower ends of both jaws aredressed so as to provide the cuttinglip a3 on each jaw,and the lips areundercut at their outer faces for more effective action of the fromFigs. 7 and 8, the pin a2, being shown' broken and the shoulders a6 ctiin contact in Fig. 8. The downward and inward incline of the shouldersprevents easy slip of the head of the jaw A from the socket made for itin the tool-head a. The inner faces of the jaws A A2 of the tool arerecessed longitudinally, as at ai, and separated, as at a5, to givespace for the expander, which is made with a head or block, B, taperedbackward from its outer end and connected at its inner end to one end ofa spring, O, the inner end of which is connected to the head a of thetool, and preferably by attaching the spring to a screw eye or 1 bolt,D, which is threaded into a hole in the head, so that the screw may beturned in or out to regulate the tension of the spring, the normalaction of which is to draw the tapering head B upward between theopposite jaws A A2 of the tool, to throw the jaw Azoutward IOO forexpanding the tool. rIhe tapered sides of the head B, which face thejaws A A2, (See Fig. 2,) are formed with upwardly-projecting lips b b,which lock into grooves b b', formed 1n the ends of the jaws A A2, whenthe spring O draws the head B fully upward, at which time the bottomface of the head stands above the sharp outer edges of the cutting-lipsof the jaws, so as not to interfere with their effective cutting action.(See Figs. 1 and 3.) By the interlocking of the head B with the jaws AAzat b b thejaws will be held against further expansion, so as to cutthe hole for the wellcasing E to a uniform diameter.

-Instead of the lips b, the head B may have half-dovetailed flanges, asindicated by the dotted lines in Fig. 2, and which will entercorrespondingly-shaped recesses in the ends of thejaws A A2, and willhave the same effect. It will be noticed that the tension of the springC will hold the jaw A2 up into its socket if thc,pivotpin a2 shouldbreak.

To opposite sides of the top of the expander-head B are fixed at f f theelastic or spring metal rods F F, which lie in the space a5, between thejaws A A2 of the tool, and at their upper ends are provided with theheads or catches G G, which have the inclined faces or shoulders g g,which are adapted to lock under opposite lower shoulders, l 1, formed atthe lower end of the head a of the tool, asin Fig. 4, when the tool iscontracted, and are adapted also to lock under opposite upper shoulders,2 2, as in Fig. 3, when the tool is expanded. The upper edges of thecatches G are beveled downwardand outward, as at g', to cause thecatches and the expanding-head B to be lowered, and the catches to beforced' inward, when the catches are brought against the lower end orshoe e of the casing E, in withdrawing the reaming-tool from the casing.

The letters G G indicate pins or studs.

' which are fixed to the inner face of the tooljaw A in such positionsthat inclined faces g2 gl of the opposite expander-catches, G G, willstrlke said pins and automatically force the lcatches inward, so as tolock their shoulders g g under the shoulders l l of the tool-head a', toallow the tool to contract. It is obvious that these pins G G also willform rests for the catches G Gshould the expander-spring C or itsconnection D break, and thus will prevent loss of the expander down thehole when the tool is in use. Stems g3, on the upper ends of the catchesG, form stops for the catches against shoulders on the head of the tool.

. The letter H indicates the boring-bar, to which the head a of thereaming-tool A is to be connected. The letter I indicates the fullsizedbore of the well, and the letter J indicates the smaller bore of thewell, which is made by a drill entered through the casing E, and whichbar J is to be enlarged or reamed out by the reaming-tool A, to allowthe casing to be lowered into the bore of the well.

The operation is as follows: rlhe well-bore the drill passes, and thedrill will be with-,f

drawn, and the casing E will be lowered in jointed lengths, as usual,until within about E ten feet of the bottom of the wellbore I, so as togive room/for the operation of the reaming-tool A, which is about fivefeet long. As largea drill as may safely be passed through the insertedwell-casing E, then will be fixed to the bar H and lowered through thecasing to the bottom of the bore I, and will bore a hole, as at J, toosmall to admit the pipe E, and for as great a depth as permissible,without allowing the earth to cave in. This drill then will bewithdrawn, and the reaming-tool -A will be xed to the boring-bar, vandthe expanding-head B will be forced outward by pressure on the catches Gof the rods F, or otherwise, until the catch-shoulders g pass below oragainst the shoulders l of' the head a of the tool A, and so as to allowthejaw A2 to be swunginward to contract the tool and atthe same timeadmitthe catches G within the casing, and so that the entire tool A maybe passed downward through the casing. When the catches G pass below theshoe e of the casing, they Will be pressed outward by the tension of thespring C as the expander-head B is drawn upward by the spring to expandthe reaming-tool to the full diameter of the wellbore I, and theshoulders g of the catches G will rest on the shoulders 2 of the head aof the tool as the lips b of the head B lock into the grooves b of thetool-jaws A A2, to hold them expanded. rlhe reaming-tool now will beoperated by the boring-bar to cutaway the side walls, j, of the bore Jto the full size of the bore I for a`safe depth, and the tool` A thenwill be lifted by the boring-bar in the bore I, and the inclined ends orfaces g of the catches G will strike the end of the shoe e and force thecatches and the retainer-head B downward, as in Figs. 2 and 4, so thatthe reaming-.tool A may contract, so as to be drawn upward through thecasing E. The casing now will, be lowered again to within about ten feetof the bottom of the bore I, as before, and the boring at J will beresumed and the drill Withdrawn, and the reaming-tool A will again bepassed through the casing to enlarge the bore J, and the casing willagain be forced downward, as before, and so on by successive stages willthe casing be sunk into the earth, and without allowing the earth tocave in, so that the well may be bored and cased with economy of timeand labor over other methods of performing the work, as there is littleor no danger of losing the tools in the bores when the earth isprevented from caving in onto them.

It is evident that the shoulders 2 2 of the head a of the tool are notessential to the suc- IOC cessful operation of the reaming-tool, as thelocking ofthe lips b of the head B with the ends of the jaws A' A' willbe a sufficient stop to limit the rise of the catches G as the eX-pander is drawn upward by the spring C; but the use of thestop-shoulders 2 2 is preferred.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is-

l. The reaming-tool A, constructed with a fixed jaw, A', and a pivotedjaw,A2,with ends formed as cutters and provided with shoulders l l atits head a', and an expander consisting of a tapering head or block, B,placed between the jaws A' A2, a spring, as at C, tending to draw thehead inward for expanding the tool, and catches, as at F G, fixed tohead B, and having shoulders g, adapted to lock against thehead-shoulders l l to allow the jaw A2 to swing inward for contractingthe tool, substantially as herein set forth.

2. In a reaming-tool, the pivoted jaw connected with the tool-head by ajoint providing shoulders, as at c al, on the jaw and head,respectively, substantially as specied,whercby should the jawpiv0t breakthe jaw will be retained by the.tool.head,'as set forth.

3. In a reaming-tool comprising a head, a', a jaw, A', fixed thereto, ajaw, A2, pivoted thereto, and an expander consisting of a tapering head,B, and a spring, C, connected there with, the combination, with thetool-head a', the expander-head B, and the spring C, of the screw-holtD,connecting the spring adj ustably t0 the head c', substantially asherein set forth.

4. In a reaming-tool, the combination, with the cutter-jaws A' A2,adapted for expansion, substantially as specified, and the expandingheadB, of catches G G, fixed to head B and formed with inclined edges orfaces g', substantially as and for the purpose herein set forth.

5. In a reaming-tool, the combination, with the cutter-jaws A A', andthe expandinghead B, provided with catches G G, and arrangedsubstantially as specified, of pins G' G', fixed in one of the jaws andacting to draw the catches inward, and also to prevent loss oftheexpander should its connections break, substantially as herein setforth.

6. In a reaming-tool, the combination, with the cutter-jaws A' A2, andthe expandinghead B, arranged substantially as specified, of lips b onthe head, and slots b' in thejawsto which the lips are adapted,substantially as herein set forth.

7. Ina reaming-tool, the combination, with thejaws AAZ, and the expandercomprising a spring-drawn tapering head, B, placed between the jaws, ofcatches G, held to head B, and provided with shoulders g, and the heada' of the tool being provided with opposite shoulders, 1 l and 2 2,substantially as herein set forth.

WILLIAM ALEXANDER LLOYD.

Witnesses:

SAMUEL Buss, FRANK Bess.

